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Author: Elyse, PMP, CPHIMS
July 27, 2004


An Enterprise Master Patient Index (EMPI) is a database that contains a unique identifier for every patient in the enterprise. This would include the medical center, outpatient clinics, practice offices and rehabilitation facilities. All registration systems would look to the EMPI to obtain patient information based upon several identifiers. Sometimes this is completed on the front by having the registrar utilize the EMPI searching capabilities. In other instances it is done after the registration process is completed via the system.

An EMPI will have either determininstic indexing where one can search based on an exact match of the combination of name, social security no, date of birth, and sex. The other searching mechanism is rules based via the first 4 letters of the last name, or other key identifiers. The best search mechanism is probabilistic searching via the soundex formula. This methodology improves the matching criteria.

A central repository of this information does several things. In clearly identifying a patient, it improves the care of the patient. If there is a clinical repository, a lifetime number that uniquely identifies one person is a tremendously valuable portion of information. Historical care related information can be obtained which is invaluable at the time of treatment, and also it can contain information from any clinic, rehab, or inpatient visit. The benefits of a centralized EMPI are great.

One thing to note about an EMPI, is there needs to be a mechanism for maintaining it in place, meaning staff and procedures. It may also be a good idea to audit the EMPI on a yearly basis to ensure there is quality data. You know the saying good stuff in good stuff out.

Recommended Data Elements:

Data Element

Definition

Enterprise identification number

Primary identifier used by the enterprise to identify the patient across facilities (e.g., the enterprise number or corporate number

Facility identifier

Primary identifier used by the enterprise to identify the facility contributing data to the EMPI (e.g., the facility code)

Internal patient identification

Primary identifier used by the facility to identify the patient at admission (e.g., the medical record number)

Person name

Legal name of patient or person, including surname, given name, middle name or initial, name suffixes (e.g., Junior, IV), prefixes (e.g., Father, Doctor)

Date of birth

Patient or person's date of birth. Year, month, and day of birth are entered (e.g., YYYYMMDD). It is essential that the year of birth be recorded as four numbers, not just the last two numbers

Gender

Gender of patient (e.g., male, female, unknown/not stated)

Race

Race of patient. Race is a concept used to differentiate population groups largely on the basis of physical characteristics transmitted by descent. Races currently used by the federal government for statistical purposes are American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut, Asian or Pacific Islander, black, white, other, and unknown/not stated

Ethnicity

Ethnicity of the patient. Ethnicity is a concept used to differentiate population groups on the basis of shared cultural characteristics or geographic origins. Ethnic designations currently used by the federal government for statistical purposes are Hispanic origin, not of Hispanic origin, and unknown

Residence

Address or location of patient’s usual residence. Components include the street address, other designation (e.g., apartment number), city, state or province, zip or postal code, country, type of address (e.g., permanent, mailing)

Alias/previous/maiden name

Any names by which the patient has been known other than the current legal name, including nicknames, maiden name, previous name that was legally changed, etc.

Social Security number

Personal identification number assigned by the US Social Security Administration

Telephone number

Telephone number at which the patient can be contacted. This may be a home or business telephone number or the telephone number of a friend, neighbor, or relative

This entry references:
AHIMA's Building an Enterprise Master Patient Index
Healthcare Informatics' Once is Enough

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3 Comments to “What is an Enterprise Master Patient Index”

Hi,

Do you work in the Healthcare Industry?

I do.

We have a PMI (Patient Master Index) used by 14 Hospitals here in Hunter Area Health Service, NSW, Australia.

There is currently a project at the state level to create a UPI (Universal Patient Index) to receive and create a unique entry for the state.

Messages are sent and received via HL7 messaging.

Hi,

Why yes I do work in the healthcare industry.

We have just deployed a Biometric EMPI (is that a BEMPI?) with the Indiana Blood Center for their 500,000 donors. Donors enroll their fingerprint, which is mapped to their unique Donor ID. On subsequent visits to any blood collection location, donors place their finger on a sensor, and our software positively identifies them out of the entire donor population.

I have not seen other instances of large scale patient ID being done with biometrics, allowing the donor to "come as they are" without any knowledge of an ID, needing a name, etc.


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